04 — What an agricultural IT system includes
The architecture is always collection, storage, processing and interfaces; the modules are chosen to match the farm's equipment.
Machinery data collection
Integration with Wialon and machinery manufacturers' telematics APIs: position, speed, engine hours, fuel level and CAN bus (J1939) data sent by terminals. Tracks are split into operations per field.
Sensors and controllers (IoT)
Sensors send readings over MQTT, while controllers of pump stations, dryers and weather stations are polled over Modbus RTU/TCP through a gateway. The system tracks whether every device is online and records when it went silent.
Satellite field data
Sentinel-2 imagery through Copernicus or Sentinel Hub, cloud masking, vegetation indices within field boundaries and history across seasons, shown as a separate map layer next to machinery data.
Weighbridges and lab
Exchange with weighbridge terminals and weighing software, import of lab analysis results, and linking weight and quality to the consignment note, the lot and the field the grain came from.
Processing, events and alerts
Normalisation of units and time, outlier filtering, calculation of worked area, fuel use and idle time; event rules and alerts routed by role to Telegram and push notifications.
Interfaces and APIs
A web dashboard for agronomists and managers, a mobile app for field work, an API for accounting systems, and CSV and ISOXML export for other systems and machinery terminals.
Security and access
Roles with rights to fields, machinery and actions, a change log, encrypted connections. Controllers running Modbus, which has no authentication in its classic form, are never exposed directly to the internet: data goes through a gateway or VPN.